Springs of the Prelitoral and Littoral mountain range
The different hydrothermal manifestations of Catalonia appear in two well defined morphostructural units: Pyrenees and Catalánides. Catalánides are the two mountain ranges of Prelittoral and Littoral separated by a graben known as Prelittoral low. Its recharge zone is the Montseny Massif; the waters are infiltrated rain into depths of 2,000 to 3,000 meters with a temperature of 90-130° dissolving the minerals in rocks and ascending by convection, this way the waters flow through the failures.
The origin of the springs
The origin of the thermal springs seems to be the deep infiltration of the rainwater. Heated, it rises to the surface by thermosyphon effect, taking advantage of the tectonic fractures areas. Its discharge rate is constant, since the stock of these geothermal systems is very abundant. The circulation of this water is deep, roughly 3,000 meters. At Prelittoral mountain range the minerals become dissolved and incorporated into its chemical composition by friction, while Littoral mountain range is by sedimentation (the Spring of Caldetes).
The Spring of Caldetes
The spring flowing in Caldes d’Estrac is situated at the point of tectonic fracture determined by a fault that connects Vallès-Penedès depression with Littoral system at an approximate depth of 2,800 meters, near the watercourse of Caldetes, whose thermal trunk is branched by the effect of surface fracturing, appearing the “Font Picant” in Argentona and Titus Spring in Arenys de Mar. It is heated by geothermal effect (magma), rising to the surface at 38.8°C by the thermosyphon effect, taking advantage of the tectonic fractures. Its mineralization happens with granitic minerals and by sedimentation. In the last 200 years the physico-chemical analysis has been unchanged, with the same flow and temperature.
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Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Arties
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Tredòs
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Boí
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Espot
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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St. Vicenç
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Senillers
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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La Pedra
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Bagà
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Combrien
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Vilada
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Matamala
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Ripoll
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Ribes de Fresser
Thermal spring
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St Joan de les Abadesses
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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St Llorenç Muga
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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La Mercè
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Cantallops
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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St. Climent Sescebes
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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Dosquers
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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St. Jaume Llierca
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Mieres
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Banyoles
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Amer
Carbonic spring
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El Pasteral
Carbonic spring
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Grup St. Gregori
Carbonic spring
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Grup Girona
Carbonic spring
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Madremanya
Carbonic spring
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Cassà de la Selva
Carbonic spring
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Grup Llagostera
Carbonic spring
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Caldes de Malavella
Thermal and carbonic spring
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Santa Coloma de Farners
Thermal spring
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La Sellera de Ter
Carbonic spring
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St. Hilari Sacalm
Carbonic spring
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La Font Santa
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Tona
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Caldetes
Thermal spring
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La Garriga
Thermal spring
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Caldes de Montbui
Thermal spring
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La Puda de Montserrat
Thermal and hydrogen sulfide spring
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St. Pere Sallavimera
Hydrogen sulfide spring
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Fontcalda de Gandesa
Thermal spring